Shipping decisions can feel confusing. You hear new terms, face rising costs, and worry about late deliveries. This blog explains the difference between Less Than Truckload and Full Truckload so you can choose with confidence. You will see when it makes sense to share trailer space with other shippers. You will also see when you should pay for a full trailer for one large load. Many people overpay because they guess. Others risk damage or delays because they pick the wrong option. You do not need to guess. You will learn how weight, size, timing, and budget guide your choice. You will also understand how ltl freight shipping works compared to booking a full truck. By the end, you can match the right method to each shipment. That brings fewer surprises, lower stress, and more control over your supply chain.
What LTL Shipping Means
Less Than Truckload shipping means your freight shares trailer space with freight from other shippers. Your shipment does not fill the truck. The carrier combines many small loads into one route.
LTL usually fits when:
- Your freight weighs between 150 and 15,000 pounds
- You ship on one to six pallets
- You do not need a dedicated truck
The carrier moves your freight through a network of terminals. Workers transfer pallets from one trailer to another. This cross handling keeps costs low. It can also add time and risk if your packaging is weak.
You can see basic truck size and weight rules from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration at this FMCSA reference. These rules shape how carriers plan LTL loads.
What FTL Shipping Means
Full Truckload shipping means your freight uses a whole trailer. The driver picks up your load and usually drives straight to the delivery.
FTL usually fits when:
- Your freight weighs more than 15,000 pounds
- You ship 10 or more pallets or fill the trailer by volume
- You need less handling and faster transit
Your freight stays on the same trailer from pickup to delivery. That gives more control over timing. It also cuts the number of touches on your freight.
For context on freight movement and safety, you can review data from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics at this BTS freight indicators page. These data show how truckload freight supports national supply chains.
Side by Side: LTL vs FTL
The table below shows common differences between LTL and FTL. Use it as a quick guide when you plan your next shipment.
| Factor | LTL | FTL |
|---|---|---|
| Typical weight | 150 to 15,000 lbs | 15,000 to 45,000 lbs |
| Trailer use | Shared space | Full trailer for one shipper |
| Number of touches | Multiple terminals | One pickup and one delivery |
| Transit time | Longer and less direct | Shorter and more direct |
| Cost per shipment | Lower for small loads | Lower per pound for large loads |
| Damage risk | Higher due to more handling | Lower due to fewer moves |
| Best for | Smaller and regular orders | Large, time tight, or fragile loads |
When LTL Works Best
LTL fits when you want to control cost on smaller shipments. You pay only for the trailer space you use. That can protect your budget when freight volume changes from week to week.
LTL is a strong choice when:
- You ship to many customers in different cities
- You can accept slightly longer transit
- Your freight is packed in sturdy boxes or on shrink wrapped pallets
You can improve LTL outcomes by:
- Using strong pallets and corner boards
- Labeling each pallet with clear addresses
- Planning pickup one or two days before you must ship
See also: The Comprehensive Guide to Choosing Quality Builders and Construction Experts for Your Home Projects
When FTL Works Best
FTL fits when you need speed, control, or capacity. The driver loads your freight and drives straight to the receiver. That simple path supports tight delivery windows.
FTL is a strong choice when:
- You ship a full product launch or seasonal order
- Your freight is fragile or high value
- You must meet a booked delivery appointment
You also gain more control over temperature and loading practices. That can help if you move food, medicine, or sensitive equipment.
How To Choose Between LTL and FTL
You can sort most decisions by three questions.
First, ask about shipment size. If the freight fills most of a trailer by weight or space, use FTL. If it fits on a few pallets, use LTL.
Second, ask about timing. If you face a strict delivery window or plant shutdown, use FTL. If the delivery date is flexible, use LTL.
Third, ask about freight risk. If the load is fragile or high value, use FTL so workers handle it less. If the load is sturdy and boxed, LTL can work well.
Key Takeaways You Can Use Today
You do not need complex tools to choose the right method. You only need clear facts.
- Use LTL for smaller, sturdy, flexible shipments
- Use FTL for large, urgent, fragile, or high value shipments
- Match packaging and pickup time to the method you choose
Each smart choice cuts waste, delays, and stress. It also protects the people who depend on your freight.
